Ko tētahi o ngā hangarau matua o ngā waka hiko hou ko ngā pākahiko. Ko te kounga o ngā pākahiko te mea e whakatau ana i te utu o ngā waka hiko i tētahi taha, me te tawhiti taraiwa o ngā waka hiko i tētahi atu taha. He mea nui tēnei mō te whakaaetia me te tere o te whakamahi.
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga, ngā whakaritenga me ngā mara tono o ngā pākahiko hiko, ko ngā momo rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko hiko i te kāinga me tāwāhi ko: ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, ngā pākahiko nickel-cadmium, ngā pākahiko nickel-metal hydride, ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, ngā pūtau wahie, me ētahi atu, ā, ko te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion te mea tino arohia.
Te whanonga whakaputa wera o te pākahiko hiko
Ko te pūtake wera, te tere whakaputa wera, te kaha wera o te pākahiko me ētahi atu tawhā e pā ana ki te waeine pākahiko mana e pā tata ana ki te āhua o te pākahiko. Ko te wera e tukuna ana e te pākahiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhua matū, miihini me te hiko me ngā āhuatanga o te pākahiko, inā koa te āhua o te tauhohenga hiko. Ko te kaha wera e puta ana i roto i te tauhohenga pākahiko ka taea te whakaatu e te wera tauhohenga pākahiko Qr; ka meinga e te pōroiti hiko te ngaohiko tuturu o te pākahiko kia rerekē mai i tōna kaha hiko taurite, ā, ko te ngaronga pūngao i puta mai i te pōroiti pākahiko ka whakaatuhia e Qp. Haunga te tauhohenga pākahiko e haere tonu ana i runga i te whārite tauhohenga, kei reira anō hoki ētahi tauhohenga taha. Ko ngā tauhohenga taha noa ko te wetewete irahiko me te tuku-ake a te pākahiko. Ko te wera tauhohenga taha e puta ana i roto i tēnei tukanga ko Qs. Hei tāpiri, nā te mea ka ātete tetahi pākahiko, ka puta te wera Joule Qj ina puta te iahiko. Nō reira, ko te wera katoa o te pākahiko ko te tapeke o te wera o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
I runga anō i te tukanga utu (whakakore) motuhake, he rerekē anō hoki ngā āhuatanga matua e whakaputa ana i te wera o te pākahiko. Hei tauira, ina utua noa te pākahiko, ko Qr te āhuatanga matua; ā, i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te utu pākahiko, nā te pirau o te electrolyte, ka tīmata ngā tauhohenga taha (ko te wera tauhohenga taha ko Qs), ina tata kī tonu te pākahiko, ā, kua nui rawa te utu. Ko te mea nui ka tupu ko te pirau electrolyte, ko Qs te mea nui. Ko te wera Joule Qj e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ia me te ātete. Ko te tikanga utu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ka mahia i raro i te ia pumau, ā, he uara motuhake a Qj i tēnei wā. Heoi, i te wā tīmatanga me te whakaterenga, he teitei te ia. Mō te HEV, he rite tēnei ki te ia o ngā tekau amperes ki ngā rau amperes. I tēnei wā, he tino nui te wera Joule Qj, ā, koia te pūtake matua o te tukunga wera pākahiko.
Mai i te tirohanga o te whakahaeretanga o te whakahaere wera, ko ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera (HVH) ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā momo e rua: te kaha me te kore mahi. Mai i te tirohanga o te reo whakawhiti wera, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera ki: te hau-whakamatao (Whakamahana Hau PTC), he wai-whakamatao (Whakamahana whakamatao PTC), me te rokiroki wera huringa-āhuatanga.
Mō te whakawhiti wera me te whakamatao (PTC Coolant Heater) hei reo, me whakatū he whakawhitiwhiti whakawhiti wera i waenga i te kōwae me te reo wai, pērā i te uhi wai, hei whakahaere i te whakamahana me te whakamatao ā-kore i roto i te āhua o te whakawhiti wera me te kawe wera. Ko te reo whakawhiti wera ka taea te wai, te ethylene glycol, te Refrigerant rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakawhiti wera tika mā te tuku i te wahi pou ki roto i te wai o te dielectric, engari me mahi ngā mahi whakamarumaru hei karo i te ara iahiko poto.
Ko te whakamatao hauhautanga kore mahi ka whakamahi i te whakawhiti wera o te hau wai-taiao, kātahi ka whakaurua ngā kōkōni ki roto i te pākahiko hei whakawhiti wera tuarua, ko te whakamatao kaha ia ka whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti wera reo whakamatao-wai miihini, i te whakamahana hiko/hinu wera PTC rānei hei whakatutuki i te whakamatao tuatahi. Te whakamahana, te whakamatao tuatahi me te reo whakamatao-wai hauhautanga o te kāpene pāhihi.
Mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera e whakamahi ana i te hau me te wai hei reo, he nui rawa, he uaua rawa hoki te hanganga nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he pā hau, he papu wai, he whakawhiti wera, he whakamahana, he paipa me ētahi atu taputapu, ā, ka pau hoki te kaha o te pākahiko, ka whakaitihia hoki te kaha o te pākahiko, te matotoru me te matotoru o te kaha.
Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha whakamatao pākahiko wai-whakamatao te wai whakamatao (50% wai/50% ethylene glycol) hei whakawhiti i te wera o te pākahiko ki te pūnaha hauhautanga hau mā te pouaka whakamatao pākahiko, kātahi ki te taiao mā te pouaka whakamātao. Ka whakamataohia te pāmahana wai e tomo mai ana te pākahiko e te pākahiko. He ngāwari te eke ki te pāmahana iti iho i muri i te whakawhiti wera, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te pākahiko kia rere i te awhe pāmahana mahi pai rawa atu; kei te whakaatuhia te kaupapa o te pūnaha i roto i te pikitia. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha hauhautanga ko: te pouaka whakamātao, te kōpeke hiko, te mimiti, te takirere whānui me te takirere kati, te pouaka whakamatao pākahiko (takirere whānui me te takirere kati) me ngā paipa hauhautanga, me ētahi atu; kei roto i te ara iahiko wai whakamatao: te papu wai hiko, te pākahiko (tae atu ki ngā pereti whakamatao), ngā pouaka whakamatao pākahiko, ngā paipa wai, ngā tāke whānui me ētahi atu taputapu.
Wā tuku: 27 Paenga-whāwhā 2023
