Ko ngā waka pūngao hou he waka kāore e whakawhirinaki ana ki te miihini mura o roto hei pūtake matua mō te hiko, ā, he motuka hiko te mea e kitea ai. Ka taea te utu i te pākahiko mā te miihini kua whakauruhia, mā te putanga utu o waho, mā te pūngao rā, mā te pūngao matū, mā te pūngao hauwai rānei.
Wāhanga 1: I puta mai te waka hiko tuatahi o te ao i waenganui o te rautau 19, ā, ko tēnei waka hiko he mahi nā ngā whakatipuranga e rua.
Ko te tuatahi ko te taputapu tuku hiko i oti i te tau 1828 e te miihini Hanekari a Aacute nyos Jedlik i roto i tana taiwhanga. I muri mai ka whakatikatikaina te motuka hiko tuatahi e te Amerikana a Anderson i waenga i te tau 1832 me te tau 1839. He tino māmā te pākahiko i whakamahia i roto i tēnei motuka hiko, ā, kāore e taea te whakakī anō. I te tau 1899 i hangaia ai he motuka pokapū wira e te Porsche Tiamana hei whakakapi i te mekameka taraiwa e whakamahia ana i taua wā i roto i ngā motuka. I whai mai ko te whanaketanga o te motuka hiko Lohner-Porsche, i whakamahi i te pākahiko waikawa-mata hei pūtake hiko, ā, i peia tika e te motuka pokapū wira i roto i ngā wira o mua - ko te motuka tuatahi i mau i te ingoa Porsche.
Wāhanga 2: I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20 i kitea te whanaketanga o te miihini mura ā-roto, ā, nā tēnei i tango te motuka hiko tuturu i te mākete.
I te whanaketanga o te hangarau miihini, te hanganga o te miihini mura ā-roto, me te whakapainga o ngā tikanga whakaputa, i tino whai hua te motuka wahie i tēnei wāhanga. He rerekē ki te raruraru o te utu waka hiko, i tēnei wāhanga i kitea te tangohanga o ngā motuka hiko anake i te mākete motuka.
Wāhanga 3: I ngā tau 1960, nā te raruraru hinu i huri te aro ki ngā waka hiko anake.
I tēnei wā, kua tae kē te whenua o Ūropi ki waenganui o te ahumahi, he wā i whakahuatia pinepinetia ai te raruraru hinu, ā, i tīmata ai te tangata ki te whakaaroaro ki ngā āhuatanga kino o te taiao e piki haere ana. Nā te iti o te motuka hiko, te kore o te parahanga, te kore o ngā paoa hau me te iti o te haruru i ara ake ai te hiahia ki ngā waka hiko anake. Nā te whakapaipai, i tino whanake te hangarau taraiwa o ngā waka hiko i taua tekau tau, i nui haere te aro ki ngā waka hiko noa, ā, ka tīmata ngā waka hiko iti ki te noho i roto i te mākete noa, pērā i ngā waka nekeneke o te papa korowha.
Wāhanga 4: I kitea i te tekau tau atu i 1990 te whakaroa o te hangarau pākahiko, ā, i huri ai ngā kaihanga waka hiko i tā rātou huarahi.
Ko te raruraru nui i aukati i te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko i ngā tau 1990 ko te puhoi o te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko. Kāore he whanaketanga nui i roto i ngā pākahiko i arahi ki te kore he whanaketanga i roto i te whānuitanga o te pouaka utu, ā, ka raru nui ngā kaihanga waka hiko. I raro i te pēhanga mai i te mākete, ka tīmata ngā kaihanga waka tuku iho ki te whakawhanake i ngā waka ranu hei whakakore i ngā raruraru o ngā pākahiko poto me te tawhiti. Ko te wā pai rawa atu mō tēnei wā ko ngā ranu mono-mai PHEV me ngā ranu HEV.
Wāhanga 5: I te tīmatanga o te rautau 21, i puta he whanaketanga nui i roto i te hangarau pākahiko, ā, ka tīmata ngā whenua ki te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko i runga i te tauine whānui.
I tēnei wā, ka piki ake te mātotoru o te pākahiko, ā, ka piki ake hoki te whānuitanga o ngā waka hiko i te tere o te 50 km ia tau, ā, kāore te kaha o ngā motuka hiko i ngoikore ake i ērā o ētahi waka iti te tukunga wahie.
Wāhanga 6: Ko te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko hou i akiakihia e te ope hanga waka hiko hou, arā, ko Tesla.
Ko Tesla, he kamupene kāore he wheako ki te hanga waka, kua tipu mai i tētahi kamupene waka hiko iti hei kamupene waka ā-ao i roto noa i te 15 tau, e mahi ana i ngā mea kāore e taea e GM me ētahi atu kaiārahi waka te mahi.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-17-2023
