1. Ngā Whakaritenga Whakahaere Wera o ngā Waka Hiko (HVCH)
Ko te wāhi noho o ngā pāhihi te wāhi e noho ai te taraiwa i te wā e oma ana te waka. Hei whakarite i tētahi taiao taraiwa whakamarie mō te taraiwa, me whakahaere e te whakahaere wera o te wāhi noho pāhihi te pāmahana, te haumākū, me te pāmahana o te hau o roto o te waka. Kei te Ripanga 1 ngā whakaritenga whakahaere wera o te wāhi noho pāhihi i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
He mea nui te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te pākahiko hiko hei whakarite i te whakahaere pai me te haumaru o ngā waka hiko. Ina tino teitei te pāmahana, ka puta he turuturu wai me te mura ohorere, ka pā ki te haumaru o te taraiwa; ina tino iti te pāmahana, ka ngoikore te kaha o te utu me te tukunga o te pākahiko ki tētahi taumata. Nā te nui o te kaha o te pūngao me te mama, kua noho ngā pākahiko lithium hei pākahiko hiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā waka hiko. Ko ngā whakaritenga whakahaere pāmahana o ngā pākahiko lithium me te kawenga wera o te pākahiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē i whakatauhia e ai ki ngā tuhinga e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 2. I te pikinga haere o te kaha o te kaha o ngā pākahiko hiko, te whānui o te awhe pāmahana o te taiao mahi, me te pikinga o ngā tere utu tere, kua nui ake te hiranga o te whakahaere pāmahana pākahiko hiko i roto i te pūnaha whakahaere wera, ehara i te mea hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga rori rerekē me ngā momo utu me te tukunga rerekē. Ka rerekē te kawenga whakahaere pāmahana i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi o te waka, ko te ōritetanga o te mara pāmahana i waenga i ngā kete pākahiko me te aukati me te whakahaere i te rerenga wera me tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga whakahaere pāmahana katoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao rerekē pēnei i te makariri nui, te wera nui me te haumākū tiketike, me ngā wāhi raumati wera me te makariri o te takurua. hiahia
2. Te whakamahana PTC tuatahi
I te wāhanga tuatahi o te ahumahi o ngā waka hiko, ko te hangarau matua e hangai ana ki te whakakapinga o ngā pākahiko, ngā motuka me ētahi atu pūnaha hiko. E hangai ana ki ngā whakapainga āta haere. Ka whakatinanahia e te hauhautanga o te waka hiko parakore me te hauhautanga o te waka wahie te mahi whakamatao mā te huringa kōpeketanga kohu. Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mea e rua ko te peia ā-kore o te pūwero hauhautanga o te waka wahie e te miihini mā te whitiki, ko te waka hiko parakore ia e whakamahi tika ana i te pūwero taraiwa hiko hei peia i te huringa whakamatao. Ina whakamahanahia ngā waka wahie i te takurua, ka whakamahia tika te wera para o te miihini ki te whakamahana i te wāhi pāhihi me te kore he pūtake wera tāpiri. Heoi, kāore e taea e te wera para o te motuka o ngā waka hiko parakore te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te whakamahana hotoke. Nō reira, he raruraru te whakamahana hotoke me whakaoti e ngā waka hiko parakore. Ko te whakamahana tauwehenga pāmahana pai (tauwehenga pāmahana pai, PTC) he mea hanga mai i te huānga whakamahana uku PTC me te ngongo konumohe (Whakamahana whakamatao PTC/Whakamahana hau PTC), he iti nei te ātete ki te wera me te tere o te whakawhiti wera, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i te turanga tinana o ngā waka wahie. Nō reira, i whakamahia e ngā waka hiko o mua te huringa whakamatao pehanga mamaoa me te whakamahana PTC hei whakatutuki i te whakahaere wera o te wāhanga pāhihi.
2.1 Te whakamahinga o te hangarau papu wera i te wāhanga tuarua
I te whakamahinga tūturu, he nui te hiahia o ngā waka hiko mō te whakapaunga pūngao whakamahana i te takurua. Mai i te tirohanga thermodynamic, ko te COP o te whakamahana PTC he iti iho i te 1, ka nui ake te whakapaunga hiko o te whakamahana PTC, ā, he iti te tere whakamahinga pūngao, ka tino whakawhāiti i ngā waka hiko. maero. Ka whakamahia e te hangarau papu wera te huringa kōpeketanga mamaoa hei whakamahi i te wera iti-papa i roto i te taiao, ā, ko te COP ariā i te wā whakamahana he nui ake i te 1. Nō reira, mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha papu wera hei utu mō te PTC ka taea te whakanui ake i te whānuitanga tere o ngā waka hiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakamahana. Me te whakapai ake i te kaha me te mana o te pākahiko hiko, ka piki haere hoki te kawenga wera i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te pākahiko hiko. Kāore e taea e te hanganga whakamatao hau tuku iho te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere pāmahana o te pākahiko hiko. Nō reira, kua noho te whakamatao wai hei tikanga matua mō te whakahaere pāmahana pākahiko. Heoi anō, i te mea he rite te pāmahana whakamarie e hiahiatia ana e te tinana tangata ki te pāmahana e mahi noa ana te pākahiko hiko, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakamatao o te wāhi pāhihi me te pākahiko hiko mā te hono i ngā whakawhiti wera i roto i te pūnaha papu wera o te wāhi pāhihi. Ka tangohia ā-koretia te wera o te pākahiko hiko e te whakawhiti wera me te whakamatao tuarua, ā, kua pai ake te taumata whakauru o te pūnaha whakahaere wera o te waka hiko. Ahakoa kua pai ake te taumata whakauru, ko te pūnaha whakahaere wera i tēnei wā ka whakauru noa i te whakamatao o te pākahiko me te wāhi noho o te pāhihi, ā, kāore anō kia whakamahia pai te wera para o te pākahiko me te motuka.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-04-2023
