Te "Ngākau" o te Pahi Hiko Parakore – Pūnaha Whakahaere Wera Pūhiko (BTMS)

I roto i ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi pahi hiko parakore, he rite te pākahiko ki te "ngākau" o te waka. Ko tōna mahi, tōna haumaru, me tōna roanga o te ora e whakatau tika ana i te whānuitanga o te pahi, te pono o te mahi, me te haumaru o ngā pāhihi. Ko te mea nui ki te whakarite i te mahi pumau o tēnei "ngākau" ko tePūnaha Whakahaere Wera Pūhiko (BTMS)Hei pūnaha matua tino nui o tētahi pahi hiko parakore, he rite tana mahi ki tētahi "kaiwhakahaere whakahaere pāmahana atamai" kua whakaritea mō te pākahiko hiko, e whakahaere puku ana i te pāmahana whakahaere o te pākahiko, e āhei ai te pahi ki te whakahaere pai me te haumaru i roto i ngā taiao rerekē.

He pūnaha whakahaere atamai te pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko pahi hiko parakore e whakauru ana i te aroturukitanga pāmahana, te whakamahana, te whakamatao, me te whakataurite pāmahana. Ko tana kaupapa matua he pupuri i te pāmahana o te pākahiko hiko i roto i te awhe mahi tino pai o te 20-35℃, me te whakahaere i te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i ngā pūtau takitahi i roto i te pākahiko kia kaua e neke atu i te 3-5℃. Mā tēnei ka whakatauhia ngā raruraru o te hekenga o te mahi, te poto o te roa o te ora, me te pikinga o ngā tūponotanga haumaru o ngā pākahiko hiko i raro i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te iti. Mō ngā pahi hiko parakore e mahi ana i raro i ngā kawenga teitei, ngā maero roa, me ngā āhuatanga utu me te tukunga auau, me te anga atu ki ngā taiao uaua pēnei i te wera nui me te makariri, he mārama te hiranga o tēnei pūnaha.

Hei mārama ki te hiranga o te pūnaha whakahaere wera o te pākahiko, he mea nui kia mārama tuatahi ki ngā "tikanga" o ngā pākahiko hiko: he tino tairongo ngā pākahiko lithium ki te pāmahana. Pērā i te mahi pai a te tangata i ngā pāmahana e tika ana, ka tutuki i ngā pākahiko hiko te mahi utu me te tuku pai rawa atu me te roa o te huringa huringa i roto i tō rātou awhe pāmahana pai rawa atu, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te rerenga wera. Ina teitei rawa ngā pāmahana, ka tere ake ngā tauhohenga matū o roto o te pākahiko, ka arahi ehara i te mea ki te whakaiti i te whānuitanga me te hekenga o te mahi engari ki ngā aituā haumaru pea pērā i te pupuhi me te ahi. Ina iti rawa ngā pāmahana, ka tino heke te pai o te utu me te tuku o te pākahiko, tae atu ki te aukati i te utu me te tīmatanga noa, ka pā kino ki te pai o te mahi a te pahi, inā koa i ngā rohe raki makariri. Ko te mahi matua o te pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko ko te aro atu ki ēnei āhuatanga mamae, me te tiaki i te pākahiko hiko. 

Ko te kaupapa matua o te pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko (BTMS) ko te whakatutuki i te whakahaere tika o te pāmahana o te pākahiko mā te whakawhiti pūngao i roto i te ara iahiko porowhita-kati. Ka whakahaerehia aunoatia te tukanga katoa e te BMS me te kore he wawaotanga ā-ringa. I runga i te wā me te pāmahana taiao, e toru ngā momo mahi a te pūnaha: te whakamatao, te whakamahana, me te whakataurite pāmahana, ka taea te whakawhiti ngāwari i waenga i a rātou kia urutau ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rerekē.

I ngā āhuatanga raumati pāmahana teitei, ka uru te pūnaha ki te aratau whakamatao. Ina whakaputahia e te pākahiko he nui te wera i te wā e taraiwa ana, e utu ana rānei, ā, ka kitea e te pūoko pāmahana he pāmahana pākahiko neke atu i te 35°C, ka tukuna tonutia e te BMS he whakahau hei whakahohe i tepapu wai hiko,takirere wai hiko, me te pūwhakamahana (te pouaka whakamatao hauhautanga rānei). Ka huri te whakamatao i roto i te ara iahiko porowhita-kati, ka mimiti pai i te wera i hangaia e te pākahiko mā te pereti whakamatao wai, mā te paipa serpentine rānei i raro i te kete pākahiko. Kātahi ka rere te whakamatao, e kawe ana i te wera, mā roto i te pūwhakamahana, ka tukuna te wera ki te hau o waho. Kia heke te pāmahana ki te awhe tino pai, ka whakarite aunoa te pūnaha i tōna mana whakahaere hei pupuri i te pumau o te pāmahana me te ārai i te wera nui me te kino o te pākahiko.

I ngā āhuatanga hotoke iti te pāmahana, ka huri te pūnaha ki te aratau whakamahana. Ina heke te pāmahana taiao i raro i te 10℃, ka kore e taea e te pākahiko te utu me te whakakore i te hiko i te tikanga noa, ka whakahohehia e te BMS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko) teWhakamahana PTCte pūnaha papu wera rānei o te waka hei whakamahana i te wai whakamatao. Ka rere te wai whakamatao wera mā roto i te kete pākahiko, ka whakawhiti i te wera ki ia pūtau, ā, ka whakamahana mārire i te pāmahana pākahiko ki runga ake i te 10℃. Mā tēnei ka taea e te pākahiko te utu me te tuku i te hiko i te āhua noa, ka whakaitihia te raruraru o te whānuitanga iti i te takurua. He mea tika kia mōhio ko te nuinga o ngā pahi hiko parakore e whakamahi ana i te whakakotahitanga o te papu wera me te whakamahana PTC, e whakarite ana i te whai huatanga o te whakamahana me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakapai ake i te whānuitanga.

Haunga te whakahaere i te pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti, he mahi nui anō hoki te whakahaere i te ōritetanga o te pāmahana o te pūnaha whakahaere wera o te pākahiko. Kei roto i te kete pākahiko hiko he rau, he mano rānei ngā pūtau e honoa ana i roto i te raupapa me te whakarara. Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga pāmahana nui i waenga i ngā pūtau te arahi ki te utu nui me te tukunga o ētahi pūtau, te whakatere i te koroheketanga, tae noa ki te whakaheke i te ōritetanga o te pūtau, ka pā ki te mahi whānui me te haumaru o te kete pākahiko. Nō reira, ka arotau te pūnaha i te hoahoa o te awa rere o te whakamatao kia pai ai te rere o te whakamatao i roto i ia wae pākahiko, kia pai ake ai te pāmahana mō ia pūtau i roto i te kete pākahiko, me te whakanui ake i te roanga o te ora o te kete pākahiko.

He pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko katoa mō te pahi hiko parakore he maha ngā wāhanga matua e mahi tahi ana, kāore e taea te waiho i tētahi o ēnei. Ko ngā pūoko pāmahana te kawenga mō te kohikohi raraunga pāmahana i te wā tūturu mai i ngā pūtau pākahiko me te whakamatao, e whakarato ana i te pūtake mō te whakahaere pūnaha; ko te papu wai hiko e whakarato ana i te hiko mō te tohanga o te whakamatao, e mahi ana hei "pūtake hiko" mō te whakawhiti pūngao; ko ngā takirere wai hiko te kawenga mō te whakawhiti ara iahiko, e āhei ai te whakawhiti ngāwari i waenga i ngā momo whakamahana me te whakamatao; ka whakamahia ngā radiator me ngā pouaka whakamatao mō te tohatoha wera i te raumati, ko ngā whakamahana PTC me ngā pūnaha papu wera e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahana i te takurua; ko te kaiwhakahaere whakahaere wera pākahiko (BMS, TMS rānei) te "roro" o te pūnaha katoa, e whakarite ana i ngā raraunga pāmahana, e tuku ana i ngā whakahau whakahaere, me te whakarite i te mahi pūnaha pumau; hei tāpiri, kei reira ngā wāhanga āwhina pēnei i ngā paipa whakamatao me ngā tāke whakawhānui hei whakarite i te hiri me te pumau o ngā ara iahiko.

I te whanaketanga o ngā pahi hiko parakore ki te tawhiti roa, te pono teitei ake, me te iti ake o te whakapaunga pūngao, kei te whakapai tonu te taumata hangarau o ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko. Mai i ngā pūnaha whakamatao hau o mua ki ngā pūnaha whakamatao wai o ēnei rā, kātahi ki ngā otinga whakahaere wera whai hua e whakauru ana i ngā papu wera me te huringa auau atamai, ka arotau tonutia te tika o te whakahaere pāmahana o te pūnaha, te pānga penapena pūngao, me te pono. I ēnei rā, kāore ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko matatau e whakatutuki noa i te whakahaere pāmahana tika engari ka hono atu hoki ki te pūnaha hauhautanga me te pūnaha hiko o te waka hei whakaiti ake i te whakapaunga pūngao whānui o te waka me te whakapai ake i te ōhanga whakahaere.

Hei "mahana wera" mō ngā pahi hiko parakore, ehara i te mea ka tiakina e te pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko te haumaru me te roa o te ora o te pākahiko hiko anake, engari ka tautoko hoki i te whakamahinga whānui o ngā pahi hiko parakore i roto i ngā waka a te iwi. Ka aro atu ki ngā wero whakahaere o ngā pahi hiko parakore i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti, ka whakapai ake i te pono me te haumaru o ngā waka, ā, ka whakatakoto i tētahi turanga pakari mō te rongonuitanga o ngā pahi hiko hou. I te heke mai, me te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko hiko me te auahatanga tonu i roto i te hangarau whakahaere wera, ka nui ake te whai hua, te mohio, me te penapena hiko o ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera pākahiko, ka werohia he kaha ake ki te whanaketanga kounga teitei o ngā pahi hiko parakore.